2024Article de journal ER4 Auteurs : Wakim, Lara-Maria; Descat, Amandine; Occelli, Florent; Deram, Annabelle; Goossens, Jean-François Detection of 13 emerging soil pollutant compounds using a dual extraction method (QuEChERS and solid phase extraction) and a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry LC-MS/MS method MethodsX, vol. 12, p. 102771, 2024, (ACL). @article{wakim:hal-04595489,
title = {Detection of 13 emerging soil pollutant compounds using a dual extraction method (QuEChERS and solid phase extraction) and a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry LC-MS/MS method},
author = {Lara-Maria Wakim and Amandine Descat and Florent Occelli and Annabelle Deram and Jean-François Goossens},
url = {https://hal.science/hal-04595489},
doi = {10.1016/j.mex.2024.102771},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-06-01},
urldate = {2024-06-01},
journal = {MethodsX},
volume = {12},
pages = {102771},
publisher = {Elsevier},
note = {ACL},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
2024Article de journal ER4 Auteurs : Wakim, Lara-Maria; Occelli, Florent; Paumelle, Martin; Brousmiche, Delphine; Bouhadj, L.; Cuny, Damien; Descat, A.; Lanier, Caroline; Deram, Annabelle Unveiling the presence of endocrine disrupting chemicals in northern French soils: Land cover variability and implications Science of the Total Environment, vol. 913, p. 169617, 2024, (ACL). @article{wakim:hal-04595482,
title = {Unveiling the presence of endocrine disrupting chemicals in northern French soils: Land cover variability and implications},
author = {Lara-Maria Wakim and Florent Occelli and Martin Paumelle and Delphine Brousmiche and L. Bouhadj and Damien Cuny and A. Descat and Caroline Lanier and Annabelle Deram},
url = {https://hal.science/hal-04595482},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169617},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-02-01},
urldate = {2024-02-01},
journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
volume = {913},
pages = {169617},
publisher = {Elsevier},
note = {ACL},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
2021Article de journal ER4 Auteurs : Brousmiche, Delphine; Genin, Michaël; Occelli, Florent; Frank, Lukas; Deram, Annabelle; Cuny, Damien; Lanier, Caroline Data for the assessment of vulnerability and resilience in the field of environmental health in the north of France Data in Brief, vol. 37, p. 107220, 2021. @article{Brousmiche2021,
title = {Data for the assessment of vulnerability and resilience in the field of environmental health in the north of France},
author = {Delphine Brousmiche and Michaël Genin and Florent Occelli and Lukas Frank and Annabelle Deram and Damien Cuny and Caroline Lanier},
doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2021.107220},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-08-01},
journal = {Data in Brief},
volume = {37},
pages = {107220},
publisher = {Elsevier BV},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
2021Article de journal ER4 Auteurs : Rorat, Agnieszka; Lanier, Caroline; Gorge, Hélène; Jaeg, Jean-Philippe; Cuny, Damien; Deram, Annabelle; Canivet, Ludivine Perspectives on particle-related health risk assessment Environnement, Risques & Santé, vol. 20, no. 4, p. 389-394, 2021, (ACL). @article{rorat:hal-03771752,
title = {Perspectives on particle-related health risk assessment},
author = {Agnieszka Rorat and Caroline Lanier and Hélène Gorge and Jean-Philippe Jaeg and Damien Cuny and Annabelle Deram and Ludivine Canivet},
url = {https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03771752},
doi = {10.1684/ers.2021.1571},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-08-01},
urldate = {2021-08-01},
journal = {Environnement, Risques & Santé},
volume = {20},
number = {4},
pages = {389-394},
publisher = {John Libbey Eurotext},
note = {ACL},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
|
2021Conférence ER4 Auteurs : Wakim, Lara-Maria; Occelli, Florent; Cuny, Damien; Lanier, Caroline; Douay, Francis; Deram, Annabelle Maladie de Crohn et pollution des sols Accès et utilisation des données en libre accès en géographie de la population, de la santé et des mobilités, Paris, 2021, (COM). @conference{nokey,
title = {Maladie de Crohn et pollution des sols},
author = {Lara-Maria Wakim and Florent Occelli and Damien Cuny and Caroline Lanier and Francis Douay and Annabelle Deram},
url = {https://geopdata.sciencesconf.org/},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-12-02},
urldate = {2021-12-02},
booktitle = {Accès et utilisation des données en libre accès en géographie de la population, de la santé et des mobilités},
address = {Paris},
note = {COM},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
|
2020Article de journal ER4 Auteurs : Brousmiche, Delphine; Occelli, Florent; Genin, Michaël; Cuny, Damien; Deram, Annabelle; Lanier, Caroline Spatialized composite indices to evaluate environmental health inequalities: Meeting the challenge of selecting relevant variables Ecological Indicators, vol. 111, no. 106023, p. 16pp, 2020, (ACL). @article{Brousmiche2020,
title = {Spatialized composite indices to evaluate environmental health inequalities: Meeting the challenge of selecting relevant variables},
author = {Delphine Brousmiche and Florent Occelli and Michaël Genin and Damien Cuny and Annabelle Deram and Caroline Lanier},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Ecological Indicators},
volume = {111},
number = {106023},
pages = {16pp},
abstract = {The wide range of factors involved in environmental health and the
complexity of interactions between all environmental determinants
require the validation of multidimensional approaches. While the
development of composite indices is receiving growing attention by
scientists and public authorities, the concept continues to lack
transposability and robustness partly due to varying conceptualizations
and/or methodologies.
This review aims to promote harmonizing practices governing the first
step of development of composite index, namely identification and
characterization of the dimensions and variables that are included
in environmental health indices. A review of available literature
(more than 1500 studies) was conducted to identify the composite
indices developed to assess territorial determinants from an environmental
health perspective. This process made it possible to identify 23
spatialized composite indices and to assess a total of 329 variables.
This diversity highlights that the absence of a common framework
can lead to a strong subjectivity and limit comparisons between different
environmental health indices. The specificity and the availability
of certain variables would limit the transposability of indices.
In light of current knowledge, this review proposes a consolidated
methodological framework based on a categorization of variables into
dimensions and sub-dimensions related to heath, environment, social,
economics, services and policy. To characterize the sub-dimensions,
several variables are possible and can be chosen according to the
availability and/or accessibility of the data. The adaptation of
a composite index to a specific territory or to a specific issue
would then be effective through the included variables. This also
aims to be transposable to any spatial unit (country, region, census
tract).
This work is a first step towards a proposal of guidelines designed
to provide a consensual framework that could facilitate the exploitation
of environmental health indices. This transparency could also increase
the understanding and adoption of these tools by public authorities
and general public.},
note = {ACL},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The wide range of factors involved in environmental health and the
complexity of interactions between all environmental determinants
require the validation of multidimensional approaches. While the
development of composite indices is receiving growing attention by
scientists and public authorities, the concept continues to lack
transposability and robustness partly due to varying conceptualizations
and/or methodologies.
This review aims to promote harmonizing practices governing the first
step of development of composite index, namely identification and
characterization of the dimensions and variables that are included
in environmental health indices. A review of available literature
(more than 1500 studies) was conducted to identify the composite
indices developed to assess territorial determinants from an environmental
health perspective. This process made it possible to identify 23
spatialized composite indices and to assess a total of 329 variables.
This diversity highlights that the absence of a common framework
can lead to a strong subjectivity and limit comparisons between different
environmental health indices. The specificity and the availability
of certain variables would limit the transposability of indices.
In light of current knowledge, this review proposes a consolidated
methodological framework based on a categorization of variables into
dimensions and sub-dimensions related to heath, environment, social,
economics, services and policy. To characterize the sub-dimensions,
several variables are possible and can be chosen according to the
availability and/or accessibility of the data. The adaptation of
a composite index to a specific territory or to a specific issue
would then be effective through the included variables. This also
aims to be transposable to any spatial unit (country, region, census
tract).
This work is a first step towards a proposal of guidelines designed
to provide a consensual framework that could facilitate the exploitation
of environmental health indices. This transparency could also increase
the understanding and adoption of these tools by public authorities
and general public. |
2020Article de journal ER4 Auteurs : Occelli, Florent; Lanier, Caroline; Cuny, Damien; Deram, Annabelle; Dumont, Julie; Amouyel, Philippe; Montaye, Michèle; Dauchet, Luc; Dallongeville, Jean; Genin, Michaël Exposure to multiple air pollutants and the incidence of coronary heart disease: A fine-scale geographic analysis Science of The Total Environment, vol. 714, p. 136608, 2020, ISSN: 0048-9697, (ACL). @article{occelli_exposure_2020,
title = {Exposure to multiple air pollutants and the incidence of coronary heart disease: A fine-scale geographic analysis},
author = {Florent Occelli and Caroline Lanier and Damien Cuny and Annabelle Deram and Julie Dumont and Philippe Amouyel and Michèle Montaye and Luc Dauchet and Jean Dallongeville and Michaël Genin},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969720301182},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136608},
issn = {0048-9697},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
urldate = {2020-02-05},
journal = {Science of The Total Environment},
volume = {714},
pages = {136608},
abstract = {Geographical variations in cardiovascular disease rates have been linked to individual air pollutants. Investigating the relation between cardiovascular disease and exposure to a complex mixture of air pollutants requires holistic approaches. We assessed the relationship between exposure to multiple air pollutants and the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in a general population sample. We collected data in the Lille MONICA registry (2008–2011) on 3268 incident cases (age range: 35–74). Based on 20 indicators, we derived a composite environmental score (SEnv) for cumulative exposure to air pollution. Poisson regression models were used to analyse associations between CHD rates on one hand and SEnv and each single indicator on the other (considered in tertiles, where T3 is the most contaminated). We adjusted models for age, sex, area-level social deprivation, and neighbourhood spatial structure. The incidence of CHD was a spatially heterogeneous (p=0.006). There was a significant positive association between SEnv and CHD incidence (trend p=0.0151). The relative risks [95%CI] of CHD were 1.08 [0.98–1.18] and 1.16 [1.04–1.29] for the 2nd and 3rd tertile of SEnv exposure. In the single pollutant analysis, PM10, NO2, cadmium, copper, nickel, and palladium were significantly associated with CHD rates. Multiple air pollution was associated with an increased risk of CHD. Single pollutants reflecting road traffic pollution were the most strongly associated with CHD. Our present results are consistent with the literature data on the impact of road traffic on the CHD risk in urban areas.},
note = {ACL},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Geographical variations in cardiovascular disease rates have been linked to individual air pollutants. Investigating the relation between cardiovascular disease and exposure to a complex mixture of air pollutants requires holistic approaches. We assessed the relationship between exposure to multiple air pollutants and the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in a general population sample. We collected data in the Lille MONICA registry (2008–2011) on 3268 incident cases (age range: 35–74). Based on 20 indicators, we derived a composite environmental score (SEnv) for cumulative exposure to air pollution. Poisson regression models were used to analyse associations between CHD rates on one hand and SEnv and each single indicator on the other (considered in tertiles, where T3 is the most contaminated). We adjusted models for age, sex, area-level social deprivation, and neighbourhood spatial structure. The incidence of CHD was a spatially heterogeneous (p=0.006). There was a significant positive association between SEnv and CHD incidence (trend p=0.0151). The relative risks [95%CI] of CHD were 1.08 [0.98–1.18] and 1.16 [1.04–1.29] for the 2nd and 3rd tertile of SEnv exposure. In the single pollutant analysis, PM10, NO2, cadmium, copper, nickel, and palladium were significantly associated with CHD rates. Multiple air pollution was associated with an increased risk of CHD. Single pollutants reflecting road traffic pollution were the most strongly associated with CHD. Our present results are consistent with the literature data on the impact of road traffic on the CHD risk in urban areas. |
2020Article de journal ER4 Auteurs : Brousmiche, Delphine; Genin, Michaël; Occelli, Florent; Frank, Lukas; Deram, Annabelle; Cuny, Damien; Lanier, Caroline How can we analyze environmental health resilience and vulnerability? A joint analysis with composite indices applied to the north of France Science of the Total Environment, p. 142983, 2020, (ACL). @article{Brousmiche2020b,
title = {How can we analyze environmental health resilience and vulnerability? A joint analysis with composite indices applied to the north of France},
author = {Delphine Brousmiche and Michaël Genin and Florent Occelli and Lukas Frank and Annabelle Deram and Damien Cuny and Caroline Lanier},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Science of the Total Environment},
pages = {142983},
abstract = {Highlights •Transdisciplinary research is mandatory for assessing
environmental health issues. •Data reuse overcomes the difficulties
of data accessibility. •Proposed use of composite indices to assess
the accumulation of health determinants •Spatial heterogeneity of
resilience and vulnerability can be mapped at local scale. •Joint
analysis enables stakeholders to prioritize future public health
actions.
In environmental health, vulnerability reflecting the cumulative harmful
constraints and nuisances to which populations are subjected and
resilience defined as the capacity of a territory to cope with health
inequalities have been little extensively investigated together with
the same importance. Besides the diversity of factors involved, there
is no consensual framework to develop composite indices, one recognized
methodology to deal with a multifaceted issue. Therefore, this research
aims to establish a new transferable approach to assess the spatial
heterogeneity of territorial inequalities. This new strategy relies
on the simultaneous evaluation of resilience and vulnerability and
the joint analysis based on the cross-interpretation of the spatialized
composite indices of resilience and vulnerability. A case study was
conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of this methodology, using
the municipality as a spatial unit of analysis within a region in
the north of France. To provide the most holistic description possible
of the 3817 studied municipalities, 50 variables related to the economic,
environment, policy, health, services and social dimensions were
used to develop the composite indices. The vulnerability Index has
a median value of 0.151 with an IQR of [0.126–0.180] and the Resilience
Index has a median value of 0.341 with an IQR of [0.273–0.401]. The
joint analysis was conducted to classify each municipality among
four defined typologies: 1687 municipalities (44.2%) belong to the
“To monitor” category, 1646 (43.1%) to the “Resilient” category,
329 (8.6%) to the “Have resources” category and 155 (4.1%) to the
“Territorial blackspot” category. The methodology herein may be a
diagnostic tool to identify and prioritize municipalities that could
benefit from the implementation of specifically tailored public health
policies.},
note = {ACL},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Highlights •Transdisciplinary research is mandatory for assessing
environmental health issues. •Data reuse overcomes the difficulties
of data accessibility. •Proposed use of composite indices to assess
the accumulation of health determinants •Spatial heterogeneity of
resilience and vulnerability can be mapped at local scale. •Joint
analysis enables stakeholders to prioritize future public health
actions.
In environmental health, vulnerability reflecting the cumulative harmful
constraints and nuisances to which populations are subjected and
resilience defined as the capacity of a territory to cope with health
inequalities have been little extensively investigated together with
the same importance. Besides the diversity of factors involved, there
is no consensual framework to develop composite indices, one recognized
methodology to deal with a multifaceted issue. Therefore, this research
aims to establish a new transferable approach to assess the spatial
heterogeneity of territorial inequalities. This new strategy relies
on the simultaneous evaluation of resilience and vulnerability and
the joint analysis based on the cross-interpretation of the spatialized
composite indices of resilience and vulnerability. A case study was
conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of this methodology, using
the municipality as a spatial unit of analysis within a region in
the north of France. To provide the most holistic description possible
of the 3817 studied municipalities, 50 variables related to the economic,
environment, policy, health, services and social dimensions were
used to develop the composite indices. The vulnerability Index has
a median value of 0.151 with an IQR of [0.126–0.180] and the Resilience
Index has a median value of 0.341 with an IQR of [0.273–0.401]. The
joint analysis was conducted to classify each municipality among
four defined typologies: 1687 municipalities (44.2%) belong to the
“To monitor” category, 1646 (43.1%) to the “Resilient” category,
329 (8.6%) to the “Have resources” category and 155 (4.1%) to the
“Territorial blackspot” category. The methodology herein may be a
diagnostic tool to identify and prioritize municipalities that could
benefit from the implementation of specifically tailored public health
policies. |
2020Article de journal ER4 Auteurs : Lanier, Caroline; Brousmiche, Delphine; Deram, Annabelle; Frank, Lukas; Genin, Michaël; Occelli, Florent; Cuny, Damien Caractérisation de l’hétérogénéité spatiale des IESS par une approche spatialisée de la balance résilience/vulnérabilité Environnement, Risques & Santé, vol. 19, no. 4, p. 250-256, 2020, (ACL). @article{Lanier2020,
title = {Caractérisation de l’hétérogénéité spatiale des IESS par une approche spatialisée de la balance résilience/vulnérabilité},
author = {Caroline Lanier and Delphine Brousmiche and Annabelle Deram and Lukas Frank and Michaël Genin and Florent Occelli and Damien Cuny},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Environnement, Risques & Santé},
volume = {19},
number = {4},
pages = {250-256},
abstract = {La mobilisation de toutes les politiques publiques est indispensable
pour agir sur les inégalités environnementales et sociales de santé
(IESS). Le paradigme actuel décrit ces inégalités territoriales comme
une accumulation de déterminants de santé défavorables dans une zone
géographique donnée, généralement entendue comme la vulnérabilité
d’un territoire. L’absence quasi-systématique des déterminants ayant
un impact positif sur la santé dans les modèles ne permet pas d’obtenir
une vision réaliste de l’impact global de l’environnement sur la
santé des populations. L’intégration de la résilience, comme la capacité
des territoires à gérer les IESS, devient alors indispensable pour
inclure les efforts déployés pour améliorer le cadre de vie des habitants.
Validée dans la région des Hauts-de-France, l’analyse conjointe d’un
indice composite spatialisé de vulnérabilité et d’un indice composite
spatialisé de résilience permet de décrire la balance résilience/vulnérabilité
à l’échelle des communes. Cette démarche permettra in fine de mieux
caractériser les IESS, d’affiner les connaissances sur les dynamiques
territoriales en jeu et d’orienter de nouvelles réflexions en termes
de gestion politique et territoriale des risques sanitaires.},
note = {ACL},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
La mobilisation de toutes les politiques publiques est indispensable
pour agir sur les inégalités environnementales et sociales de santé
(IESS). Le paradigme actuel décrit ces inégalités territoriales comme
une accumulation de déterminants de santé défavorables dans une zone
géographique donnée, généralement entendue comme la vulnérabilité
d’un territoire. L’absence quasi-systématique des déterminants ayant
un impact positif sur la santé dans les modèles ne permet pas d’obtenir
une vision réaliste de l’impact global de l’environnement sur la
santé des populations. L’intégration de la résilience, comme la capacité
des territoires à gérer les IESS, devient alors indispensable pour
inclure les efforts déployés pour améliorer le cadre de vie des habitants.
Validée dans la région des Hauts-de-France, l’analyse conjointe d’un
indice composite spatialisé de vulnérabilité et d’un indice composite
spatialisé de résilience permet de décrire la balance résilience/vulnérabilité
à l’échelle des communes. Cette démarche permettra in fine de mieux
caractériser les IESS, d’affiner les connaissances sur les dynamiques
territoriales en jeu et d’orienter de nouvelles réflexions en termes
de gestion politique et territoriale des risques sanitaires. |
2020Conférence ER4 Auteurs : Rorat, Agnieszka; Lanier, Caroline; Jaeg, Jean-Philippe; Cuny, Damien; Deram, Annabelle; Canivet, Ludivine Between physicochemical characterization of atmospheric particles and their impact on human health - challenges and perspectives (RECORD project) Atmso'Fair (Webinair), 23-24 juin 2020, 2020, (ACTN). @conference{Rorat2020,
title = {Between physicochemical characterization of atmospheric particles and their impact on human health - challenges and perspectives (RECORD project)},
author = {Agnieszka Rorat and Caroline Lanier and Jean-Philippe Jaeg and Damien Cuny and Annabelle Deram and Ludivine Canivet},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
booktitle = {Atmso'Fair (Webinair), 23-24 juin 2020},
note = {ACTN},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
|
2020Article de journal ER4 Auteurs : Tenailleau, Quentin-M.; Lanier, Caroline; Gower-Rousseau, Corinne; Cuny, Damien; Deram, Annabelle; Occelli, Florent Crohn’s disease and environmental contamination: Current challenges and perspectives in exposure evaluation Environmental Pollution, vol. 263, p. 114599, 2020, (ACL). @article{Tenailleau2020,
title = {Crohn’s disease and environmental contamination: Current challenges and perspectives in exposure evaluation},
author = {Quentin-M. Tenailleau and Caroline Lanier and Corinne Gower-Rousseau and Damien Cuny and Annabelle Deram and Florent Occelli},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Environmental Pollution},
volume = {263},
pages = {114599},
abstract = {Although the incidence of Crohn’s disease has increased worldwide
over the past 30 years, the disorder’s exact causes and physiological
mechanisms have yet to be determined. Given that genetic determinants
alone do not explain the development of Crohn’s disease, there is
growing interest in “environmental” determinants. In medical science,
the term “environment” refers to both the ecological and social surroundings;
however, most published studies have focused on the latter. In environmental
and exposure sciences, the term “environment” mostly relates to contamination
of the biotope. There are many unanswered questions on how environmental
hazards might contribute to the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease.
Which pollutants should be considered? Which mechanisms are involved?
And how should environmental contamination and exposure be evaluated?
The objective was to perform a systematic review of the literature
on Crohn’s disease and environmental contamination. We searched the
PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and Prospero databases.
We considered all field studies previous to April 2019 conducted
on human health indicators, and evaluating exposure to all type of
physical, biological and chemical contamination of the environment.
The lack of clear answers to date can be ascribed to the small total
number of field studies (n ¼ 16 of 39 publications, most of which
were conducted by pioneering medical scientists), methodological
differences, and the small number of contaminants evaluated. This
make it impossible to conduct a coherent and efficient meta-analysis.
Based on individual analysis of available studies, we formulated
five recommendations on improving future research: (i) follow up
the currently identified leads - especially metals and endocrine
disruptors; (ii) explore soil contamination; (iii) gain a better
knowledge of exposure mechanisms by developing transdisciplinary
studies; (iv) identify the most plausible contaminants by developing
approaches based on the source-to-target distance; and (v) develop
registries and cohort-based analyses},
note = {ACL},
keywords = {ER4},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Although the incidence of Crohn’s disease has increased worldwide
over the past 30 years, the disorder’s exact causes and physiological
mechanisms have yet to be determined. Given that genetic determinants
alone do not explain the development of Crohn’s disease, there is
growing interest in “environmental” determinants. In medical science,
the term “environment” refers to both the ecological and social surroundings;
however, most published studies have focused on the latter. In environmental
and exposure sciences, the term “environment” mostly relates to contamination
of the biotope. There are many unanswered questions on how environmental
hazards might contribute to the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease.
Which pollutants should be considered? Which mechanisms are involved?
And how should environmental contamination and exposure be evaluated?
The objective was to perform a systematic review of the literature
on Crohn’s disease and environmental contamination. We searched the
PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and Prospero databases.
We considered all field studies previous to April 2019 conducted
on human health indicators, and evaluating exposure to all type of
physical, biological and chemical contamination of the environment.
The lack of clear answers to date can be ascribed to the small total
number of field studies (n ¼ 16 of 39 publications, most of which
were conducted by pioneering medical scientists), methodological
differences, and the small number of contaminants evaluated. This
make it impossible to conduct a coherent and efficient meta-analysis.
Based on individual analysis of available studies, we formulated
five recommendations on improving future research: (i) follow up
the currently identified leads - especially metals and endocrine
disruptors; (ii) explore soil contamination; (iii) gain a better
knowledge of exposure mechanisms by developing transdisciplinary
studies; (iv) identify the most plausible contaminants by developing
approaches based on the source-to-target distance; and (v) develop
registries and cohort-based analyses |