2015Journal Article ER4 Auteurs : Homa, Joanna; Rorat, Agnieszka; Kruk, Jerzy; Cocquerelle, Claude; Plytycz, Barbara; Vandenbulcke, Franck Dermal exposure of Eisenia andrei earthworms: Effects of heavy metals on metallothionein and phytochelatin synthase gene expressions in coelomocytes In: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 1397-1404, 2015, (ACL). @article{Homa2015, Parameters such as total number of coelomocytes, riboflavin content in coelomocytes, expression of genes implied in metal homeostasis, and detoxification mechanisms can be used as biomarkers to assess the impact of metals on annelids. defense biomarkers (detoxification gene expressions and coelomocyte parameters) were investigated in the ecotoxicologically important species eisenia andrei following in vivo exposure to 5 different metals (zinc, copper, nickel, lead, and cadmium) at known concentrations. coelomocyte numbers and riboflavin content were not affected by metallic exposure, but metal-specific gene expression variations were evidenced |
2014Journal Article ER4 Auteurs : Rorat, Agnieszka; Kachamakova-Trojanowska, Neli; Jozkowicz, Alicja; Kruk, Jerzy; Cocquerelle, Claude; Vandenbulcke, Franck; Santocki, Michal; Plytycz, Barbara Coelomocyte-derived fluorescence and DNA markers of composting earthworm species In: Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology, vol. 321, no. 1, pp. 28-40, 2014, (ACL). @article{Rorat2014, Supravital species identification of morphologically similar syntopic earthworms inhabiting dung and compost heaps or those from commercial cultures is difficult. the aim of the studies was to find out non‐invasive species‐specific markers for proper segregation of earthworm species from a dense mixed colony of waste decomposers. worms were segregated according to external characteristics into eisenia andrei, eisenia fetida, and dendrobaena veneta, and left for reproduction and analysis of non‐invasively retrieved coelomocyte‐containing coelomic fluid and/ or species‐specific partial sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit i (coi) gene in dna extracted from amputated tail tips of adults and their offspring. flow cytometric analysis of coelomocyte samples revealed that amount of nuclear dna increases in order d. venetae. andrei<e. fetida, and intensity of eleocyte‐derived fluorescence is lower in d. veneta than in eisenia spp. spectrofluorimetry of coelomocyte lysates revealed that the amount of eleocyte‐stored riboflavin is significantly lower in coelomocyte lysates from d. veneta than from eisenia spp., and the emission peak of x‐fluorophore is much more distinct in d. veneta than in eisenia spp. coelomic fluid of e. andrei exhibits a very distinct spectra of mug fluorophore which are absent in d. veneta and in the majority of e. fetida, while some e. fetida possess mug‐like fluorophore. sequences of the coi gene in the dna of the worms from the mixed colony and their offspring confirmed species identity. in conclusion, species‐specific coelomocyte‐derived markers may be a useful complement to morphological and dna‐based taxonomy during studies on syntopic earthworms |
2013Conference ER4 Auteurs : Bernard, Fabien; Lemière, Sébastien; Dumez, Sylvain; Brulle, Franck; Cocquerelle, Claude; Platel, Anne; Nesslany, Fabrice; Cuny, Damien; Deram, Annabelle; Vandenbulcke, Franck Gene expression analysis of the genes involved in oxidative stress to explain DNA damages in organisms exposed to cadmium/lead contaminated soils SETAC Europe 23rd Annual Meeting, 12-16 May 2013, Glasgow, Scotland (UK), 2013, (AFF). @conference{Bernard2013, |
2010Conference ER4 Auteurs : Brulle, Franck; Cocquerelle, Claude; Lemière, Sébastien; Douay, Francis; Leprêtre, Alain; Vandenbulcke, Franck Identification and analysis of the expression profiles of new biomarker candidates in Eisenia fetida: A transcriptomic approach SETAC Europe 20th Annual Meeting. 23-27 May 2010, Seville (Espagne), 2010, (COM). @conference{Brulle2010a, |
2010Journal Article ER4 Auteurs : Brulle, Franck; Morgan, Andrew-John; Cocquerelle, Claude; Vandenbulcke, Franck Transcriptomic underpinning of toxicant-mediated physiological function alterations in three terrestrial invertebrate taxa: A review In: Environmental Pollution, vol. 158, no. 9, pp. 2793-2808, 2010, (ACL). @article{Brulle2010b, Diverse anthropogenic activities often lead to the accumulation of inorganic and organic residues in topsoils. biota living in close contact with contaminated soils may experience stress at different levels of biological organisation throughout the continuum from the molecular-genetic to ecological and community levels. to date, the relationship between changes at the molecular (mrna expression) and biochemical/physiological levels evoked by exposures to chemical compounds has been partially established in a limited number of terrestrial invertebrate species. recently, the advent of a family of transcriptomic tools (e.g. real-time pcr, subtractive suppressive hybridization, expressed sequence tag sequencing, pyro-sequencing technologies, microarray chips), together with supporting informatic and statistical procedures, have permitted the robust analyses of global gene expression changes within an ecotoxicological context. this review focuses on how transcriptomics is enlightening our understanding of the molecular-genetic responses of three contrasting terrestrial macroinvertebrate taxa (nematodes, earthworms, and springtails) to inorganics, organics, and agrochemicals |
2010Conference ER4 Auteurs : Cocquerelle, Claude; Elsworth, Ben; Brulle, Franck; Morgan, A. John; Blaxter, M; Vandenbulcke, Franck Identification of gene transcripts differentially expressed in the immune competent cells (coelomocytes) of Eisenia fetida exposed to metallic pollution International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology (ISEE), 5-10 September 2010, Xalapa, Veracruz (Mexico), 2010, (ACTI). @conference{Cocquerelle2010, |
2010Conference ER4 Auteurs : Elsworth, Ben; Cocquerelle, Claude; Brulle, Franck; Blaxter, M; Vandenbulcke, Franck Identification of gene transcripts differentially expressed during metallic exposure in the immune circulating cells, namely coelomocytes, from Eisenia fetida exposed to metallic pollution SETAC Europe 20th Annual Meeting, 23-27 May 2010, Seville (Spain), 2010, (ACTI). @conference{Elsworth2010, |
2010Journal Article ER4 Auteurs : Homa, Joanna; Klimek, Malgorzata; Kruk, Jerzy; Cocquerelle, Claude; Vandenbulcke, Franck; Plytycz, Barbara Metal-specific effects on metallothionein gene induction and riboflavin content in coelomocytes of Allolobophora chlorotica In: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 73, no. 8, pp. 1937-1943, 2010, (ACL). @article{Homa2010, Metal pollution affects earthworm coelomocytes, including their differential counts, riboflavin content and metallothioneins (mt) involved in metal homoeostasis and detoxification. the present work shows effects of ni, cu, zn, cd, and pb at the same molarity (1 mm) on coelomocytes of allolobophora chlorotica after 2-day worm dermal exposure to metal chlorides. numbers of coelomocytes/eleocytes extruded by electric shock and amounts of riboflavin in coelomocyte lysates were significantly decreased in cu-exposed worms, less diminished in response to ni, zn, cd, and unaffected by pb. in sharp contrast, real-time pcr revealed a very strong (272 fold) mt-mrna induction in response to cd only. the induction was very low in response to zn, cu, pb, and ni ions (2.6, 2.1, 1.4, and 1.3-fold, respectively). in conclusion, decreased cell counts and riboflavin content are molecular biomarkers of cu exposure while induction of mt-mrna is a molecular biomarker of worm cd exposure |
2009Conference ER4 Auteurs : Brulle, Franck; Cocquerelle, Claude; Douay, Francis; Lemière, Sébastien; Leprêtre, Alain; Vandenbulcke, Franck Développement de biomarqueurs d’exposition aux métaux chez un organisme test: l’Annélide Oligochète Eisenia fetida 2ème Rencontres Nationales de la Recherche sur les Sites & Sols Pollués, ADEME. 20-21 octobre 2009, Paris, 2009, (ACTN). @conference{Brulle2009a, Couches supérieures des sols, où les concentrations peuvent être largement supérieures aux teneurs habituelles régionales. les annélides oligochètes sont présents dans ces sols pollués bien qu’ils présentent une sensibilité exacerbée aux métaux. très peu de choses étant connues quant à l’identification et la mise en place des mécanismes de réponse à ces métaux au niveau moléculaire, le travail de caractérisation des candidats biomarqueurs de pollution a été réalisé à partir des cellules immunitaires du ver eisenia fetida, une espèce modèle recommandée en écotoxicologie. deux approches ont été mises en place. une première approche, qualifiée de ciblée et basée sur la conservation phylogénique observée entre espèces, a permis l’identification de plusieurs candidats. une deuxième approche, dite globale et consistant en la construction de banques soustractives a permis d’identifier des gènes dont l’expression est affectée lors d’une exposition à un mélange complexe de métaux. enfin, les candidats biomarqueurs de pollution métallique mis en lumière par les deux approches ont été mesurés sur des animaux exposés à des sols pollués de longue date par des activités métallurgiques. ce travail a été réalisé dans le cadre d’une thèse de doctorat (f. brulle) financée par l’ademe et la région nord-pas-de-calais. 1- premièrement, nous avons cloné et analysé le niveau d’expression de 14 candidats biomarqueurs chez le modèle de laboratoire eisenia fetida exposé in vivo à des sols standards contaminés par le cadmium. les 14 candidats ont été choisis parmi des gènes codant des protéines fortement conservées pour lesquelles des variations d’expression génique ont été rapportées dans la littérature, lors d’exposition de macroinvertébrés à des etms. le niveau d’expression des gènes a été mesuré dans les coelomocytes (cellules immunitaires) puisque la majorité des effecteurs sélectionnés sont connus pour leur implication dans des mécanismes de défense [1]. |
2009Conference ER4 Auteurs : Brulle, Franck; Cocquerelle, Claude; Douay, Francis; Lemière, Sébastien; Leprêtre, Alain; Vandenbulcke, Franck Développement de biomarqueurs d'exposition aux métaux chez un organisme test: l'Annélide Oligochète Eisenia fetida 15ème Colloque National de la Recherche en IUT, CNRIUT 2009. 8-10 juin 2009, Villeneuve d’Ascq, 2009, (ACTN). @conference{Brulle2009b, |
2008Journal Article ER4 Auteurs : Brulle, Franck; Cocquerelle, Claude; Mitta, Guillaume; Castric, Vincent; Douay, Francis; Leprêtre, Alain; Vandenbulcke, Franck Identification and expression profile of gene transcripts differentially expressed during metallic exposure in Eisenia fetida coelomocytes In: Developmental and Comparative Immunology, vol. 32, pp. 1441-1453, 2008, (ACL). @article{Brulle2008, The aim of this work was to identify in eisenia fetida genes whose expression are regulated following exposure to a complex mixture of metallic trace elements (mte) representative of a highly polluted smelter soil. suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) was used to construct cdna libraries enriched in up- or down-regulated transcripts in the immunecirculating cells of the coelomic cavities, namely coelomocytes, from worms exposed to metallic pollution. among 1536 ssh-derived cdna clones sequenced, we identified 764 unique ests of which we selected 18 candidates on the basis of their redundancy. these selected candidates were subjected to a two-step validation procedure based on the study of their expression level by real-time pcr. the first step consisted in measuring the expression of the 18 candidates in worms exposed to artificial contaminated soil. the second step consisted in measuring the expression in animals exposed to a ‘‘naturally’’ contaminated soil sampled close to a smelter. both steps allowed us to highlight 3 candidates that are strongly induced in worms exposed to a smelter polluted soil. these candidates are: the well-known mte-induced cd–metallothionein and 2 original biomarkers, lysenin, and a transcript, which cloning of the complete coding sequence identified as the coactosin-like protein. |
2008Conference ER4 Auteurs : Brulle, Franck; Cocquerelle, Claude; Mitta, Guillaume; Castric, Vincent; Douay, Francis; Leprêtre, Alain; Vandenbulcke, Franck Identification and expression profile of gene transcripts differentially expressed during metallic exposure in Eisenia fetida SETAC Europe 18th Annual Meeting, 25-29 May 2008, Krakow (Poland), 2008, (ACTI). @conference{Brulle2008b, |
2008Conference ER4 Auteurs : Brulle, Franck; Cocquerelle, Claude; Mitta, Guillaume; Lemière, Sébastien; Leprêtre, Alain; Vandenbulcke, Franck Identification and analysis of the expression profiles of new biomarker candidates to gain insight the immune response to a metallic stress SETAC Europe 18th Annual Meeting. 25-29 May 2008, Krakow (Pologne), 2008, (COM). @conference{Brulle2008c, |
2008Journal Article ER4 Auteurs : Brulle, Franck; Cocquerelle, Claude; Wamalah, Atta-Nda; Morgan, Andrew-John; Kille, Peter; Leprêtre, Alain; Vandenbulcke, Franck CDNA cloning and expression analysis of Eisenia fetida (Annelida:Oligochaeta) phytochelatin synthase under cadmium exposure In: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 47-55, 2008, (ACL). @article{Brulle2008a, Metallothioneins (mts) are central to trace metal homeostasis and detoxification throughout biological systems. prokaryotes, plants, and fungi utilize both gene encoded cysteine-rich polypeptides (classically designated class i and ii mts) and enzymatically synthesized cysteinerich peptides (classically designated class iii mts or phytochelatins). in contrast, although gene encoded mts are ubiquitous in animal species the identification of a functional phytochelatin synthase in the nematode caenorhabditis elegans, a representative member of the ecdysozoa, provided the first evidence for these metal-binding peptides in animals. by exploiting the conservation observed between species we have been able to clone and transcriptionally characterize a phytochelatin synthase from the immune cells of the earthworm eisenia fetida, the first evidence for its presence in a phylum belonging to the lophototrochozoa. the complete coding sequence of this enzyme was determined and the phylogenetic relationship to plant, yeast and nematode enzymes elucidated. temporal- and dose-profiling of the transcriptional regulation of phytochelatin synthase and mt in response to cadmium was performed by using real-time pcr. |
2008Journal Article ER4 Auteurs : Lefebvre, Christophe; Vandenbulcke, Franck; Bocquet, Béatrice; Tasiemski, Aurélie; Desmons, Annie; Vierstraete, Mathilde; Salzet, Michel; Cocquerelle, Claude Cathepsin L and cystatin B gene expression discriminates immune cœlomic cells in the leech Theromyzon tessulatum In: Developmental and Comparative Immunology, vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 795-807, 2008, (ACL). @article{Lefebvre2008, Previous studies evidenced that cystatin b-like gene is specifically expressed and induced in large circulating coelomic cells following bacterial challenge in the leech theromyzon tessulatum. in order to understand the role of that cysteine proteinase inhibitor during immune response, we investigated the existence of members of cathepsin family. we cloned a cathepsin l-like gene and studied its tissue distribution. immunohistochemical studies using anti-cathepsin l and anti-cystatin b antibodies and ultrastructural results demonstrated the presence of three distinct coelomic cell populations: (1) the chloragocytes, which were initially defined as large coelomocytes, (2) the granular amoebocytes and (3) small coelomic cells. among those cells, while chloragocytes contain cystatin b and cathepsin l, granular amoebocytes contain only cathepsin l and the third cell population contains neither cathepsin nor inhibitor. finally, results evidenced that cathepsin l immunopositive granular amoebocytes are chemoattracted to the site of injury and phagocyte bacteria |
2006Journal Article ER4 Auteurs : Brulle, Franck; Mitta, Guillaume; Cocquerelle, Claude; Vieau, Didier; Lemière, Sébastien; Leprêtre, Alain; Vandenbulcke, Franck Cloning and real-time PCR testing of 14 potential biomarkers in Eisenia fetida following cadmium exposure In: Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 40, no. 8, pp. 2844-2850, 2006, (ACL). @article{Brulle2006, |
2006Conference ER4 Auteurs : Brulle, Franck; Mitta, Guillaume; Cocquerelle, Claude; Vieau, Didier; Lemière, Sébastien; Leprêtre, Alain; Vandenbulcke, Franck Cloning and real-time PCR testing of 14 potential biomarkers in Eisenia fetida following cadmium exposure 8th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology, 4-9 September 2006, Krakow (Pologne), 2006, (COM). @conference{Brulle2006a, |
2006Conference ER4 Auteurs : Brulle, Franck; Mitta, Guillaume; Cocquerelle, Claude; Vieau, Didier; Lemière, Sébastien; Leprêtre, Alain; Vandenbulcke, Franck Real-time PCR testing of potential biomarkers in soil invertebrates SETAC Europe 16th Annual Meeting, « Controversies and Solutions in Environmental Sciences » 7-11 May 2006, La Haye (Pays-Bas), 2006, (ACTI). @conference{Brulle2006b, |
2005Conference ER4 Auteurs : Brulle, Franck; Mitta, Guillaume; Cocquerelle, Claude; Vieau, Didier; Lemière, Sébastien; Leprêtre, Alain; Vandenbulcke, Franck Identification, characterization and validation of pollution biomarkers in soil invertebrates Ecotox 2005. Advances and Trends in Ecotoxicology. 5-7 September 2005, Brno (Czech Republic), 2005, (COM). @conference{Brulle2005, |
2004Journal Article ER4 Auteurs : Lefebvre, Christophe; Cocquerelle, Claude; Vandenbulcke, Franck; Hot, David; Huot, Ludovic; Lemoine, Yves; Salzet, Michel Transcriptomic analysis in the leech Theromyzon tessulatum: Involvement of cystatin B in innate immunity In: Biochemical Journal, vol. 380, no. 3, pp. 617-625, 2004, (ACL). @article{Lefebvre2004, At the present time, there is little information on mechanisms of innate immunity in invertebrate groups other than insects, especially annelids. in the present study, we have performed a transcriptomic study of the immune response in the leech theromyzon tessulatum after bacterial challenge, by a combination of differential display rt (reverse transcriptase)–pcr and cdna microarrays. the results show relevant modulations concerning several known and unknown genes. indeed, threonine deaminase, malate dehydrogenase, cystatin b, polyadenylate-binding protein and α-tubulin-like genes are up-regulated after immunostimulation. we focused on cystatin b (stefin b), which is an inhibitor of cysteine proteinases involved in the vertebrate immune response.we have cloned the full-length cdna and named the t. tessulatum gene as tt-cysb. main structural features of cystatins were identified in the derived amino acid sequence of tt-cysb cdna; namely, a glycine residue in the n-terminus and a consensus sequence of gln-xaa-val-xaa-gly (qxvxg) corresponding to the catalytic site. moreover, tt-cysb is the first cystatin b gene characterized in invertebrates. we have determined by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry that tt-cysb is only expressed in large coelomic cells. in addition, this analysis confirmed that tt-cysb is up-regulated after bacterial challenge, and that increased expression occurs only in coelomic cells. these data demonstrate that the innate immune response in the leech involves a cysteine proteinase inhibitor that is not found in ecdysozoan models, such as drosophila melanogaster or caenorhabditis elegans, and so underlines the great need for information about innate immunity mechanisms in different invertebrate groups. |
2003Conference ER4 Auteurs : Lefebvre, Christophe; Cocquerelle, Claude; Vandenbulcke, Franck; Hot, David; Huot, Ludovic; Lemoine, Yves; Salzet, Michel Implication de la cystatine B et des cathepsines dans l'immunité innée chez la sangsue Theromyzon tessulatum Réunion Immunologie des Invertébrés. 17-19 novembre 2003, Banyuls, 2003, (COM). @conference{Lefebvre2003, |

2015Journal Article Dermal exposure of Eisenia andrei earthworms: Effects of heavy metals on metallothionein and phytochelatin synthase gene expressions in coelomocytes In: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 1397-1404, 2015, (ACL). |
2014Journal Article Coelomocyte-derived fluorescence and DNA markers of composting earthworm species In: Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A: Ecological Genetics and Physiology, vol. 321, no. 1, pp. 28-40, 2014, (ACL). |
2013Conference Gene expression analysis of the genes involved in oxidative stress to explain DNA damages in organisms exposed to cadmium/lead contaminated soils SETAC Europe 23rd Annual Meeting, 12-16 May 2013, Glasgow, Scotland (UK), 2013, (AFF). |
2010Conference Identification and analysis of the expression profiles of new biomarker candidates in Eisenia fetida: A transcriptomic approach SETAC Europe 20th Annual Meeting. 23-27 May 2010, Seville (Espagne), 2010, (COM). |
2010Journal Article Transcriptomic underpinning of toxicant-mediated physiological function alterations in three terrestrial invertebrate taxa: A review In: Environmental Pollution, vol. 158, no. 9, pp. 2793-2808, 2010, (ACL). |
2010Conference Identification of gene transcripts differentially expressed in the immune competent cells (coelomocytes) of Eisenia fetida exposed to metallic pollution International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology (ISEE), 5-10 September 2010, Xalapa, Veracruz (Mexico), 2010, (ACTI). |
2010Conference Identification of gene transcripts differentially expressed during metallic exposure in the immune circulating cells, namely coelomocytes, from Eisenia fetida exposed to metallic pollution SETAC Europe 20th Annual Meeting, 23-27 May 2010, Seville (Spain), 2010, (ACTI). |
2010Journal Article Metal-specific effects on metallothionein gene induction and riboflavin content in coelomocytes of Allolobophora chlorotica In: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 73, no. 8, pp. 1937-1943, 2010, (ACL). |
2009Conference Développement de biomarqueurs d’exposition aux métaux chez un organisme test: l’Annélide Oligochète Eisenia fetida 2ème Rencontres Nationales de la Recherche sur les Sites & Sols Pollués, ADEME. 20-21 octobre 2009, Paris, 2009, (ACTN). |
2009Conference Développement de biomarqueurs d'exposition aux métaux chez un organisme test: l'Annélide Oligochète Eisenia fetida 15ème Colloque National de la Recherche en IUT, CNRIUT 2009. 8-10 juin 2009, Villeneuve d’Ascq, 2009, (ACTN). |
2008Journal Article Identification and expression profile of gene transcripts differentially expressed during metallic exposure in Eisenia fetida coelomocytes In: Developmental and Comparative Immunology, vol. 32, pp. 1441-1453, 2008, (ACL). |
2008Conference Identification and expression profile of gene transcripts differentially expressed during metallic exposure in Eisenia fetida SETAC Europe 18th Annual Meeting, 25-29 May 2008, Krakow (Poland), 2008, (ACTI). |
2008Conference Identification and analysis of the expression profiles of new biomarker candidates to gain insight the immune response to a metallic stress SETAC Europe 18th Annual Meeting. 25-29 May 2008, Krakow (Pologne), 2008, (COM). |
2008Journal Article CDNA cloning and expression analysis of Eisenia fetida (Annelida:Oligochaeta) phytochelatin synthase under cadmium exposure In: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 71, no. 1, pp. 47-55, 2008, (ACL). |
2008Journal Article Cathepsin L and cystatin B gene expression discriminates immune cœlomic cells in the leech Theromyzon tessulatum In: Developmental and Comparative Immunology, vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 795-807, 2008, (ACL). |
2006Journal Article Cloning and real-time PCR testing of 14 potential biomarkers in Eisenia fetida following cadmium exposure In: Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 40, no. 8, pp. 2844-2850, 2006, (ACL). |
2006Conference Cloning and real-time PCR testing of 14 potential biomarkers in Eisenia fetida following cadmium exposure 8th International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology, 4-9 September 2006, Krakow (Pologne), 2006, (COM). |
2006Conference Real-time PCR testing of potential biomarkers in soil invertebrates SETAC Europe 16th Annual Meeting, « Controversies and Solutions in Environmental Sciences » 7-11 May 2006, La Haye (Pays-Bas), 2006, (ACTI). |
2005Conference Identification, characterization and validation of pollution biomarkers in soil invertebrates Ecotox 2005. Advances and Trends in Ecotoxicology. 5-7 September 2005, Brno (Czech Republic), 2005, (COM). |
2004Journal Article Transcriptomic analysis in the leech Theromyzon tessulatum: Involvement of cystatin B in innate immunity In: Biochemical Journal, vol. 380, no. 3, pp. 617-625, 2004, (ACL). |
2003Conference Implication de la cystatine B et des cathepsines dans l'immunité innée chez la sangsue Theromyzon tessulatum Réunion Immunologie des Invertébrés. 17-19 novembre 2003, Banyuls, 2003, (COM). |